This article is a short study of Church history of Old Believers, of relation between Old Believers Church and state in the independence Lithuania (1918–1940), Poland (district of Vilnius) and in Soviet Lithuania (1940–1941, 1944–1990).
In the second half of the 17th century Old Believers settlements were organized in Great Duke of Lithuania. After World War I, 35.000 Old Believers inhabited Lithuania republic. In 1922 Old Believers subordinated theirs communities to the Central Council of Old Beliefs Church in Lithuania in the matters of faith. Old Believers were recognized by the Lithuania state as a separate persuasion. In the fourties of the 20th century in Lithuania were 54 communities of Old Believers. In 1925 the First Congress of Polish Old Believers convened. The Congress agreed upon the official name of Old Believers – Pomortsy – Eastern Old Belief Church without ecclesiastic hierarchy. The organization of the Church and the internal statute was resolved. In 1928 Old Believers were recognized by the state as a separate persuasion. Generally, before the World War II over 50.000 of Old Believers inhabited Poland.
During World War II some of old believers joined the Red Army, others joined the underground army. Many of Old Believers stayed in Lithuania. The nazis deported some of them to fourced labour camps. In the time of the war some of oratories were destroyed and some of Old Believers died.
In 1987 there were the 54 communities of Old Believers in Lithuania. 1944–1988 the three Congresses of Old Belief Pomorskaya Church were held here. The High Council of Old Believers was the only religion-spiritual center of bespopovtsy pomortsy in the Soviet Union (till 1990). | 
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