The article compares two epochs in the history of the Western cultural history writing, with main attention paid to their theoretical assumptions: that of the late 19th – early 20th century (called in the article „old history of culture“) and that of the late 20th – early 21th century (known as „new cultural history“). Both of them emerged as challengers: the old history of culture was conceived as the alternative to the once dominant political history, and the new cultural history challenged the social history that dominated in the Western history writing since 1960s. However, the theoretical sources of their respective concepts of
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